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Leadership expert highlights cost of deference culture at Bank of England

As three independent reviews cite excessive deference and hierarchy as key problems damaging the effectiveness of the Bank of England (BoE), leadership expert Robin Ryde has called for business leaders to dismantle deferential cultures within their organisation.

The reviews into operations during the financial crisis commissioned in May and published on Friday covers the bank's handling of emergency lending to HBOS and Royal Bank of Scotland in late 2008.

Banker, Bill Winters, who wrote the liquidity review, told the Financial Times that the BoE was too 'centralised and hierarchical'.

Winters said: "Less senior staff undertake analysis of a wide range of policy options, and are often willing to challenge their superiors.

"There appears to be some tendency for them to filter recommendations in such a way as to maximise the likelihood that senior staff will find the recommendations palatable."

This issue of deference is a subject that independent consultant, Ryde, former CEO of the UK National School of Government, has researched in depth.

Ryde said: "Clearly, governance has failed to evolve sufficiently at the Bank of England, with very real economic impacts.

"Systems of deference slow down organisational performance and prevent them from learning. Deference is the enemy of organisational success and it needs to be dismantled so that in its place we can build modern organisations with a fresh breed of managers and leaders.

"Without a significant shift away from deference, organisations will struggle to be agile, innovative and ethical."