Some 19 companies will attend the meeting, including multinationals such as McDonald’s and Microsoft, as well as UK companies such as The Co-operative Group and Balfour Beatty.
The prime minister’s office estimates that 300,000 private sector jobs have been created over the past six months.
Cameron said: "We can only get our economy back on track by creating a climate in which the private sector can grow and develop, creating jobs and opportunities for people across the country.
"This year, the Government is determined to help deliver many thousands of new jobs and I’m delighted that the companies joining me today are part of that."
However, the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development warned that discussions should be grounded in "proper economic assessment of the determinants of growth and employment".
John Philpott, the institute’s chief economic adviser, said: "Policy-makers should always distinguish between the economy’s job-creation potential — which is determined by the functioning of the supply side of the economy — and the actual rate of job creation experienced at any particular time, which is primarily determined by the demand for labour."
Paul Venables, group finance director at recruitment company Hays, which is attending the meeting, said: "Over the coming years, it is the private sector which will be creating the bulk of new jobs in this country.
"All our focus must be on supporting a healthy, flexible and vibrant private sector economy, because that will deliver the employment opportunities we need."
Jill McDonald, CEO of McDonald’s UK, said: "At the start of 2010, we employed 80,000 people and by the end of the year we employed 85,000.
"This year, I am delighted to announce that McDonald’s UK expects to create a further 3,000 jobs. These are good jobs with prospects, jobs which will allow people to develop and give them the opportunity to gain qualifications – from NVQs to apprenticeships to foundation degrees – and rise up the career ladder."
